# Experimental Investigation of the Flexural Performance of Continuous Self-Compacting Concrete Beams with Natural and Recycled Aggregates

## TL;DR

This study tests concrete beams with natural and recycled aggregates to see how well they handle bending forces, finding that recycled aggregates can work just as well as natural ones in some cases.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates that high-quality recycled aggregates can be used in structural self-compacting concrete beams without compromising performance.

## Key findings

- Partial replacement with recycled aggregates (50%) can achieve comparable or improved mechanical performance compared to natural aggregate beams.
- Beams with 100% recycled aggregates showed slightly higher deflections and earlier crack initiation, but overall flexural behavior remained consistent.
- Higher reinforcement ratios reduce the influence of aggregate type on structural performance.

## Abstract

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the flexural performance of continuous two-span reinforced concrete beams made with self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating natural and recycled coarse aggregates. A total of nine beams were tested under static loading conditions. The beams were divided into three groups based on different reinforcement ratios, and within each group, three aggregate replacement levels were used: 0%, 50%, and 100% recycled coarse aggregate. All beams were designed with identical cross-sections and subjected to two-point loading to simulate continuous support conditions. The study focused on evaluating cracking behavior, load–deflection response, and failure modes. The experimental results highlight that partial replacement with recycled aggregates (RAC50) can achieve comparable or even improved mechanical performance compared to natural aggregate beams, including enhanced compressive strength and ductility. Beams with 100% recycled aggregates (RAC100) showed slightly higher deflections and earlier crack initiation, particularly at lower reinforcement ratios, although overall flexural behavior remained consistent with natural aggregate concrete (NAC) beams. It was also observed that as reinforcement ratio increases, the influence of aggregate type diminishes, indicating that steel reinforcement predominantly governs the structural response at higher ratios. Crack widths and propagation patterns were systematically monitored, confirming that RAC beams maintain acceptable deformation and ductility under load. These findings emphasize the feasibility of using high-quality recycled aggregates in structural SCC elements, providing a sustainable alternative without compromising performance, and offering guidance for the design of continuous RAC beams.