# Defect Analysis of Surface Cracks in Mn18Cr2 High-Manganese Wear-Resistant Steel Plate

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the causes of surface cracks in a specific type of high-manganese steel plate and finds that rolling processes and chemical diffusion contribute to defect formation.

## Contribution

The study identifies the inheritance of original cast billet cracks and Mn/Cr diffusion as key factors in surface crack defects in Mn18Cr2 steel.

## Key findings

- Folded cracks with oxidation and inclusions were found on the steel plate surface.
- Mn and Cr element diffusion during high-temperature oxidation was significant at defect locations.
- Rolling deformation caused a hardened surface layer with higher hardness than the core.

## Abstract

In order to determine the causes of crack defects in Mn18Cr2 high-manganese wear-resistant steel plates, this paper conducted a systematic analysis of the steel plates’ microstructure, chemical composition, and hardness via metallographic microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and Vickers hardness tester. The results indicated that there were folded cracks on the surface of the steel plate. The interior of the cracks was oxidized, and inclusions were observed in the crack gaps. A significant difference in the contents of Mn and Cr elements was detected at the defect locations, indicating that very obvious long-range diffusion of Mn and Cr elements had occurred during long-term high-temperature oxidation. The crack defects on the surface of the steel plate were related to the inheritance of the original cracks on the surface of the cast billet before rolling. There were cracks on the surface of the cast billet; the oxide scale and inclusions inside the cracks had not been completely removed. Multiple passes of rolling led to the cracks and oxide scale being pressed into the steel surface, thereby forming folding defects. The fine grain strengthening and deformation twinning generated by rolling deformation formed the hardened layer on the surface, resulting in higher surface hardness than core hardness. The austenite grain size inside the steel plate was in the range of 23–30 μm, and the hardness was around 275 HV. The grain size near the surface of the steel plate was around 10 μm. The surface hardness was 351 HV, which was higher than the core hardness of the steel plate.