# Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure, Texture, and Properties of Hot-Rolled Ferritic Stainless Steel with Preferential α-Fiber Orientation

## TL;DR

This study examines how annealing temperature affects the structure and properties of hot-rolled stainless steel to improve its formability.

## Contribution

The paper identifies an optimal annealing temperature that balances texture refinement and mechanical properties for better cold-rolling performance.

## Key findings

- Annealing above 840 °C leads to over 93% recrystallization and microstructural refinement.
- At 930 °C, the I(γ)/I(α) texture ratio peaks at 0.85, maximizing formability and mechanical properties.
- The optimal balance of properties occurs at 930 °C, with a plastic strain ratio of 0.96 and strain-hardening exponent of 0.28.

## Abstract

For hot-rolled ferritic stainless steels with preferential α-fiber texture, the strong α-fiber texture is retained after annealing, greatly affecting the texture and plastic formability during the subsequent cold-rolling process. For optimizing the texture of hot-rolled steels toward the favorable γ-fiber type, it is essential to control the annealing temperature in the annealing process. To investigate the evolution of the microstructure, texture, and properties of hot-rolled ferritic stainless steel with preferential α-fiber orientation, a series of annealing tests was performed at the lab scale at 800, 840, 880, 910, 930, and 950 °C for 3 min. The microstructure, texture, and grain boundary characteristics of the tested samples were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The mechanical properties and plastic strain ratio (r-value) were determined through universal tensile testing. The results show that at temperatures above 840 °C, more than 93% of recrystallization occurs, leading to significant microstructural refinement. The α-fiber texture intensity typically diminishes with rising temperature, whereas the γ-fiber texture initially weakens during the early stages of recrystallization (below 840 °C) and subsequently exhibits a slight increase at higher temperatures. The improved formability of the material is mainly attributed to microstructural refinement and texture refinement, as reflected by the I(γ)/I(α) texture intensity ratio. At an annealing temperature of 930 °C, the I(γ)/I(α) ratio peaks at 0.85, static toughness is maximized, the strain-hardening exponent (n) reaches a high value of 0.28, and the maximum average plastic strain ratio (r¯) is 0.96. This result represents the optimum balance between mechanical properties and formability, making it suitable for subsequent cold-rolling.