# The Behaviours of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Carbon Nanotube-Layered Nanocomposites

## TL;DR

This study explores how electromagnetic waves behave in a layered nanocomposite made of carbon nanotubes, showing how their arrangement affects wave propagation.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a novel multilayered carbon nanotube composite design and analyzes its electromagnetic wave propagation behavior using nonlocal theory.

## Key findings

- CNT layers arranged at [0°/90°/90°/0°] show the highest reduced material property parameter (D*).
- Layers arranged at [90°/90°/90°/90°] exhibit the lowest D*, highlighting the impact of layer orientation.
- Increasing the nonlocal parameter (η) reduces EM wave propagation frequencies (ω).

## Abstract

This comprehensive study delves into the intricate behaviours of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in a sophisticated, multilayered nanocomposite structure. The structure comprises four precisely engineered layers, each meticulously crafted from carbon nanotube (CNT) fibres arranged at specific angles and directions. These intricate arrangements not only define the structural integrity of the composite but also play a pivotal role in determining the material properties of each layer. Remarkably, when the layers are meticulously arranged at angles of [0°/90°/90°/0°] with respect to each other, the structure exhibits the highest reduced material property parameter (D*). Conversely, positioning the layers at 90-degree angles [90°/90°/90°/90°] results in the lowest reduced material property parameters, elucidating the profound influence of the arrangement patterns of the CNTs on the structural and material behaviour of the composite. Given the nanostructure nature of the composite, this study leverages the nonlocal theory to delve into the electromagnetic wave propagation frequencies (ω) and meticulously scrutinise the behaviour of transmitted and reflected electromagnetic waves within the intricate layered structure. This nanocomposite structure has been engineered as a multi-layered system, with its design grounded in the principles of nonlocal theory. Within this framework, it is revealed that, as the nonlocal parameter (η) increases, there is a discernible reduction in the frequencies (ω) of EM wave propagation through the material. This in-depth analysis aims to contribute to a fundamental understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation behaviour in complex nanocomposite structures, with potentially far-reaching implications in various technological applications.