# Multi-Temporal Shoreline Monitoring and Analysis in Bangkok Bay, Thailand, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

## TL;DR

This study tracks changes in Bangkok Bay's coastline from 1989 to 2024 using remote sensing and GIS, finding overall growth but significant erosion in some areas.

## Contribution

The study provides a detailed 35-year analysis of shoreline changes in Bangkok Bay using remote sensing and GIS techniques.

## Key findings

- The coastline length in Bangkok Bay increased from 507.23 km to 571.38 km between 1989 and 2024.
- The highest erosion rates occurred between 1989–1994, with an average of −21.61 m/a and a maximum of −55.49 m/a.
- Net erosion was observed in the Samut Sakhon–Bangkok–Samut Prakan Provinces due to natural and human factors.

## Abstract

Drastic alterations have been observed in the coastline of Bangkok Bay, Thailand, over the past three decades. Understanding how coastlines change plays a key role in developing strategies for coastal protection and sustainable resource utilization. This study investigates the temporal and spatial changes in the Bangkok Bay coastline, Thailand, using remote sensing and GIS techniques from 1989 to 2024. The historical rate of coastline change for a typical segment was analyzed using the EPR method, and the underlying causes of these changes were discussed. Finally, the variation trend of the total shoreline length and the characteristics of erosion and sedimentation for a typical shoreline in Bangkok Bay, Thailand, over the past 35 years were obtained. An overall increase in coastline length was observed in Bangkok Bay, Thailand, over the 35-year period from 1989 to 2024, with a net gain from 507.23 km to 571.38 km. The rate of growth has transitioned from rapid to slow, with the most significant changes occurring during the period 1989–1994. Additionally, the average and maximum erosion rates for the typical shoreline segment were notably high during 1989–1994, with values of −21.61 m/a and −55.49 m/a, respectively. The maximum sedimentation rate along the coastline was relatively high from 2014 to 2024, reaching 10.57 m/a. Overall, the entire coastline of the Samut Sakhon–Bangkok–Samut Prakan Provinces underwent net erosion from 1989 to 2024, driven by a confluence of natural and anthropogenic factors.