# Low Back Pain Characteristics Among Health Science Undergraduates: A Prospective Study for 2-Year Follow Up

## TL;DR

This study found that nearly half of health science undergraduates experienced low back pain over two years, with female gender and prior pain history being key risk factors.

## Contribution

The study provides new longitudinal data on low back pain prevalence and risk factors among health science students.

## Key findings

- 48.8% of participants experienced 1-month low back pain during the 2-year follow-up.
- Female gender and a history of pain frequency were significantly associated with low back pain.
- No significant link was found between specific health science programs and low back pain.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders globally, significantly impacting quality of life across diverse populations. Despite its association with middle-aged and older populations, evidence indicates that LBP is increasingly prevalent among younger age groups. Health science students are considered a potential risk factor for LBP; however, longitudinal studies are scarce. This study aims to determine the risk factors for LBP among health science students over a 2-year follow-up. Methods: One hundred ninety-seven of the third-class health science students (Nursing, Physiotherapy, Medical laboratory science, and Emergency Medical services) were contacted in June 2024. A self-administered modified version of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, and data about sedentary and physical activity behavior, as well as 1-month LBP (lasting at least 12 h and numeric rating scale > 5) and stress scores, were recorded. Results: A total of 172/197 (87.3%) respondents completed the questionnaire at the end of the 2-year follow-up. The mean age was 25 ± 3.5 (years) and body mass index (BMI) value 23.5 ± 4.3 (kg/m2). About 49% (n = 84) and 20% (n = 34) of the participants had 1-month LBP and functional disability, respectively. No significant association was found between health science programs and the presence of 1-month LBP (χ2 = 0.55, p > 0.05). The logistic regression analyses found that males (OR = 0.269, p = 0.005) and a history of pain frequency (OR = 3.377, p = 0.001) had a significant association with LBP over time. Conclusions: This prospective study shows a high prevalence of 1-month LBP (48.8%) among health science students at Zefat Academic College. LBP was significantly related to sex (female) and pain frequency, but not to health science students. We believe that implementing ergonomic and educational strategies is recommended for this population.