Expiratory Muscle Strength Training in COPD Dysphagia Management: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists

TL;DR

This study explores how speech-language pathologists in Ireland use expiratory muscle strength training to manage swallowing difficulties in COPD patients.

Contribution

The study provides insights into the current practices and challenges in implementing EMST for COPD-related dysphagia among SLPs.

Findings

High awareness of EMST exists among SLPs, but only 53% reported using it in practice.

Most EMST users followed the 'rule of fives' protocol and calibrated devices to 75% of MEP.

Formal training and experience significantly influenced SLPs' confidence in delivering EMST.

Abstract

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects over 400 million people worldwide. Ireland reports the highest COPD-related mortality and hospitalizations in Europe. Dysphagia impacts approximately 50% of people with COPD (PwCOPD) and contributes to COPD exacerbations, hospitalizations, and mortality. Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) improves respiration and swallowing for PwCOPD; however, little is known about its clinical use by Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs). Methods: A cross-sectional online survey, developed in accordance with CHERRIES and CROSS guidelines, aimed to explore SLPs awareness, assessment approaches, treatment protocols, training, and confidence in EMST delivery. It was distributed to SLPs working with adults with dysphagia in Ireland. Purposive and snowball sampling were used, with a target sample size of n = 258. Results: The response rate was 36% (n = 92). Awareness of EMST was high (99%, n = 91). 53% (n = 49) reported using EMST. Among EMST users, 20% employed objective assessments of maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), while most calibrated devices to 75% of MEP and followed the “rule of fives” treatment protocol. 29% had formal training in EMST. SLPs with ≤10 years’ clinical experience and those working in acute hospitals used EMST most often. Confidence was influenced by training, experience, access to specialized respiratory equipment, and interdisciplinary team members. Conclusions: SLPs EMST awareness is high, but implementation practices remains variable, with low uptake of formal training and limited use of objective MEP assessment. Findings highlight the need for structured training and population-specific protocols to support consistent and confident EMST delivery for PwCOPD.