Robotic Horizons in Plastic Surgery: A Look Toward the Future

TL;DR

This paper explores the growing use of robotic technology in plastic surgery, highlighting current applications and the need for more research to define its benefits and limitations.

Contribution

The paper provides a thematic synthesis of current robotic applications in plastic surgery and identifies gaps in clinical evidence.

Findings

Robotic systems are used in various plastic surgery procedures, including flap harvest and breast reconstruction.

Most studies are case reports with limited comparative data on outcomes.

There is a need for standardized reporting and prospective studies to assess clinical value.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Robotic technology has transformed several surgical specialties, offering enhanced precision, visualization, and dexterity. In plastic and reconstructive surgery, robotic systems are increasingly utilized across a range of procedures, though their applications remain in early development. Methods: A review of the literature was performed to identify studies reporting robot-assisted procedures in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The literature was synthesized thematically to characterize current procedural applications, emerging technologies, and areas of active clinical investigation. Results: Robotic systems have been reported in a broad range of plastic and reconstructive procedures, including flap harvest, microsurgery, breast reconstruction, craniofacial and head and neck reconstruction, esthetic surgery, and gender-affirming surgery. The existing studies primarily consist of case series and case reports with substantial variability in reported indications, techniques, and technological platforms. Comparative clinical outcomes and long-term data are limited. Conclusions: Robot-assisted reconstruction continues to expand across multiple procedural domains. However, current evidence remains largely descriptive, underscoring the need for standardized reporting and prospective studies to better define clinical value, safety, and appropriate indications.