# Analysis of Soft Tissue N-Glycome Profiles in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, a Pilot Study

## TL;DR

This pilot study explores N-glycan differences in oral cancer tissues and shows potential for using glycosylation patterns as biomarkers for diagnosis.

## Contribution

A high-resolution CE-LIF-based glycoanalytical protocol is demonstrated for identifying N-glycan biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

## Key findings

- Six N-glycan structures showed significant differences between malignant and healthy tissues.
- Four N-glycan differences were found between healthy and adjacent mucosal tissues.
- The study highlights the potential of CE-LIF for sensitive glycomic analysis in cancer diagnostics.

## Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive disease with a glycoproteomically unmapped progression and a low five-year survival rate. Thus, the aim of this pilot study was to explore the N-glycosylation pattern differences in malignant, adjacent mucosal and healthy tissues in the context of OSCC. Oral mucosal soft tissue samples was obtained by incisional biopsy from five patients with OSCC, both from the malignant and the opposite healthy gingival sides, and from seven age-sex-matched healthy controls. The collected tissues were homogenized, followed by N-glycan profiling of the endoglycosidase-released and fluorophore-labeled carbohydrates using capillary electrophoresis with ultra-sensitive laser-induced fluorescent detection (CE-LIF). Six out of the twenty-two identified N-glycan structures, including glycogens, showed significant (p < 0.05) differences between the malignant tissue samples of the OSCC patients and the healthy controls. Comparing the healthy and the positive control oral mucosal samples, differences in four N-glycan structures were revealed, while only one alteration was observed between the N-glycan profiles of the malignant tumor and positive control samples. However, the results are presented descriptively, reflecting the limited sample size of the pilot study, it shows the potential of high-resolution CE-LIF-based glyocoanalytical protocol to be highly efficient and sensitive for glycobiomarker-based molecular diagnostics of oral malignant lesions.