Context-Based Development to Promote Physical Activity Among Working-Age Populations: Participatory Action Research and Pilot Test

TL;DR

This study developed and tested a program to increase physical activity among working-age adults in Thailand, finding it effective for those who didn't already exercise.

Contribution

The study introduces a context-based participatory action research approach tailored to local conditions for promoting physical activity.

Findings

Non-exercise groups showed significant increases in meeting recommended physical activity levels.

Exercise groups maintained high activity levels at baseline but failed to sustain them over six months.

The program improved participation in physical activity among non-exercising working-age adults.

Abstract

Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a significant health challenge among working-age populations. This study aimed to develop context-specific processes to promote PA among adults aged 35–60 years. A participatory action research approach was conducted across seven provinces in upper southern Thailand. The study consisted of three phases: (1) preparation and situation analysis, (2) development and implementation of PA promotion programs, and (3) program evaluation and lessons learned. In Phase 1, the working-age population was categorized into four groups: Group 1: PA occupation and exercise; Group 2: PA occupation but non-exercise; Group 3: non-PA occupation but exercise; Group 4: non-PA occupation and non-exercise. In Phase 2, an exercise program and PA tracking guide were developed and implemented over a 6-month period. In Phase 3, based on the complete-case analysis, 175 participants enrolled, with 101 (57.7%) and 100 (57.1%) remaining at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Based on the last observation carried forward analysis (n = 175 across the 6 months), the proportion achieving global recommended PA levels and time spent in weekly moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA increased significantly in the non-exercise groups (Groups 2 and 4). All participants in the exercise groups (Groups 1 and 3) met the recommended PA level at baseline; however, this level was not maintained at the endpoint. The context-based PA promotion programs improved PA participation among non-exercise working-age adults. Future research should identify strategies to enhance program uptake and sustain engagement.

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