# Overexpression of the Pyrus sinkiangensis LEA4 Gene Enhances the Tolerance of Broussonetia papyrifera to the Low Temperature During Overwintering

## TL;DR

A gene from a cold-sensitive pear helps plants survive winter by boosting cold tolerance when transferred to another plant.

## Contribution

The PsLEA4 gene from Pyrus sinkiangensis is shown to enhance cold tolerance in Broussonetia papyrifera through overexpression.

## Key findings

- Overexpression of PsLEA4 increased proline, soluble protein, and RWC under low-temperature stress.
- Transgenic plants showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower MDA and REL levels during overwintering.
- Bud break occurred 7–10 days earlier in transgenic lines compared to wild-type plants.

## Abstract

Korla fragrant pear (Pyrus sinkiangensis), valued for its unique flavor, suffers from freezing damage in its native Xinjiang. Previous studies indicated a strong correlation between low-temperature stress and the expression of LEA genes, particularly PsLEA4. This study cloned PsLEA4 from P. sinkiangensis and overexpressed it in paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera). The encoded 368-amino-acid protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Under −4 °C stress, the proline and soluble protein contents in the overexpressing lines increased to 1.21-fold and 1.36-fold, respectively, compared to the wild type, while relative water content (RWC) reached 1.58-fold. And catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased by 9%, 16%, and 38%, respectively. During overwintering, the transgenic line exhibited soluble protein content and RWC at 1.78-fold and 1.49-fold compared to those of the wild type, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative electrolyte leakage (REL) levels were only 66% and 63% of the wild type, while CAT and POD activities reached 1.87-fold, and SOD activity peaked at 2.49-fold. These adaptations were associated with improved cold tolerance and with bud break occurring 7–10 days earlier than in WT the following year. These findings could help to understand the molecular mechanisms of P. sinkiangensis for overwintering and provide new genetic resources to breed varieties of pear that can resist cold temperatures.