# Development of Human Serum Albumin-Based Hydrogels for Potential Use as Wound Dressings

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method to create wound dressings using human serum albumin hydrogels that can release antibiotics and fight bacteria.

## Contribution

The first development of HSA-based hydrogels using thermal- and ethanol-induced methods for wound management.

## Key findings

- HSA-based hydrogels can be fabricated with tunable properties using PBS and limited ethanol.
- The hydrogels showed antibacterial activity against multiple bacterial strains when loaded with tetracycline.
- They demonstrated structural stability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability in physiological conditions.

## Abstract

Protein-based materials such as human serum albumin (HSA) have demonstrated significant potential for the development of novel wound management materials. For the first time, the formation of HSA-based hydrogels was proposed using a combination of thermal- and ethanol-induced approaches. The combination of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and limited (up to 20% v/v) ethanol content offers a promising strategy for fabricating human serum albumin-based hydrogels with tunable properties. The hydrogel formation was studied using in situ dynamic light scattering (DLS) for qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of the patterns of protein hydrogel formation through thermally induced gelation. The rheological properties of human serum albumin-based hydrogels were investigated. Hydrogels synthesized via thermally induced gelation using a denaturing agent exhibit a dynamic viscosity ranging from 100 to 10,000 mPa·s. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural stability of human serum albumin-based hydrogels were comprehensively evaluated in physiologically relevant media. These human serum albumin-based hydrogels represent a promising platform for developing topical therapeutic agents for wound management and tissue engineering applications. This study investigated the kinetics of tetracycline release from human serum albumin-based hydrogels in PBS and fetal bovine serum (FBS). All tested formulations of HSA-based hydrogels loaded with tetracycline (1 mg/mL) demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Corynebacterium striatum strains.