# Bacterial Cellulose Production by a Novel Levilactobacillus brevis Isolate Using Response Surface-Optimised Agro-Industrial Substrates

## TL;DR

A new strain of Levilactobacillus brevis produces bacterial cellulose using low-cost agro-industrial waste, offering a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods.

## Contribution

A novel Levilactobacillus brevis isolate is shown to produce bacterial cellulose using optimized agro-industrial substrates, reducing production costs and waste.

## Key findings

- Levilactobacillus brevis DSS.01 produced 1.56 ± 0.15 g/L bacterial cellulose using optimized agro-industrial waste medium.
- The optimized medium substituted 85% of standard Hestrin-Schramm medium components, significantly reducing costs.
- BC produced from agro-industrial waste showed minimal structural deviation compared to standard medium.

## Abstract

High culture medium costs economically constrain bacterial cellulose (BC) production. In parallel, agro-industrial wastes are plentiful but often underutilised sources of carbon and nitrogen substrates that could support microbial growth and metabolite production. This study aimed to bioconvert agro-industrial waste sustainably into BC using response surface methodology. A novel lactic acid bacterium, Levilactobacillus brevis DSS.01, isolated from nata de coco wastewater, was evaluated alongside Acetobacter tropicalis KBC and Komagataeibacter xylinus TISTR 086 for BC production using Australian agro-industrial wastes. Preliminary screening identified pear pomace and rice bran as optimal low-cost carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The response surface methodology employing Box–Behnken Design determined the optimal agro-industrial waste medium composition for L. brevis DSS.01 to produce BC at 1.56 ± 0.15 g/L. The optimised agro-industrial waste medium substituted 85% of standard Hestrin-Schramm medium components, suggesting a significant reduction in culture medium and production costs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed BC fibres from L. brevis DSS.01 maintained a uniform diameter. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated minimal structural deviation in BC produced from optimised agro-industrial waste medium versus standard medium. These findings demonstrate economic and sustainable BC production through valorisation of agro-industrial residues, establishing lactic acid bacteria as alternative BC producers with potential food-grade applications in circular economy frameworks.