# Modulation of the miR-485-3p/PGC-1α Pathway by ASO-Loaded Nanoparticles Attenuates ALS Pathogenesis

## TL;DR

This study explores how targeting miR-485-3p with nanoparticles can reduce ALS progression by restoring a key neuroprotective pathway.

## Contribution

A novel nanoparticle-based therapy targeting miR-485-3p to modulate PGC-1α in ALS is proposed and tested.

## Key findings

- miR-485-3p levels are elevated in ALS models, contributing to disease progression.
- BMD-001S treatment reduces miR-485-3p and restores PGC-1α expression in spinal cords.
- Treatment improves motor neuron health and reduces neuroinflammation in ALS models.

## Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration with limited treatment options. In this study, we investigated the pathological role of microRNA-485-3p (miR-485-3p) in ALS, particularly its regulation of PGC-1α, a transcriptional coactivator essential for mitochondrial function and neuroprotection. We also evaluated the therapeutic potential of BMD-001S, a nanoparticle-based formulation encapsulating an antisense oligonucleotide targeting miR-485-3p. Our results demonstrated that miR-485-3p expression was significantly elevated in both SOD1G93A-expressing HMC3 microglial cells and in the spinal cords of SOD1G93A transgenic mice at late disease stages, implicating its contribution to ALS pathogenesis. Intravenous administration of BMD-001S effectively reduced miR-485-3p levels and restored PGC-1α mRNA and PGC-1α protein expression in the spinal cord. These molecular changes were associated with notable therapeutic outcomes, including reduced SOD1 protein aggregation, decreased neuroinflammation, and lower neurofilament light chain concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. Moreover, BMD-001S treatment was associated with improvements in electrophysiological parameters and preservation of neuromuscular junction integrity during the observation period in SOD1G93A transgenic mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-485-3p/PGC-1α pathway is a promising therapeutic target in ALS and support the potential of BMD-001S as a novel treatment strategy for the disease.