# Psychometric Properties of the CEVEO Bullying Subscales for Aggressors in School and Leisure Contexts Among Chilean Adolescents: Profiles Based on Moral Disengagement, Aggression Frequency, and Context

## TL;DR

The study shows that the CEVEO bullying subscales work well for measuring aggression in Chilean teens and identifying high-risk profiles based on context and moral disengagement.

## Contribution

The study introduces a validated tool for assessing bullying in both school and leisure contexts among Chilean adolescents, revealing distinct aggressor profiles.

## Key findings

- The CEVEO bullying subscales show good psychometric properties for Chilean adolescents.
- Three distinct aggressor profiles were identified, with the highest risk group showing aggression in both contexts and high moral disengagement.
- Boys scored higher on aggression than girls, and moral disengagement increased with the number of contexts involved.

## Abstract

What are the main findings?
•The aggression subscales of the CEVEO demonstrate adequate psychometric properties for use with Chilean adolescents, enabling the assessment of aggression in both school and leisure contexts.•These subscales allow for the classification of aggressors into distinct types based on the frequency and context of their aggressive behaviors.

The aggression subscales of the CEVEO demonstrate adequate psychometric properties for use with Chilean adolescents, enabling the assessment of aggression in both school and leisure contexts.

These subscales allow for the classification of aggressors into distinct types based on the frequency and context of their aggressive behaviors.

What are the implications of the main findings?
•A high-risk profile (Profile 3) was identified, consisting of adolescents who exhibited a high frequency of aggression across both contexts (school and leisure) and elevated levels of moral disengagement.•Measuring aggression in both school and leisure settings allows for a more comprehensive identification of high-risk aggressor profiles, as those involved in multiple contexts show higher levels of moral disengagement regardless of frequency.

A high-risk profile (Profile 3) was identified, consisting of adolescents who exhibited a high frequency of aggression across both contexts (school and leisure) and elevated levels of moral disengagement.

Measuring aggression in both school and leisure settings allows for a more comprehensive identification of high-risk aggressor profiles, as those involved in multiple contexts show higher levels of moral disengagement regardless of frequency.

Background: Adolescent violence occurs both within and beyond the school setting. Furthermore, risk factors for aggression, such as Moral Disengagement (MD), do not operate uniformly and may be triggered in one context but not another. This highlights the need for instruments that assess aggression’s manifestation across contexts to enable a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of the Bullying at School and Bullying during Leisure subscales from the Questionnaire for Assessing Peer Violence in School and Leisure Settings (CEVEO) in Chilean adolescents, and to examine differences in MD among perpetrator profiles based on both frequency and context of aggression. Method: Instrumental, multivariate, cross-sectional, quantitative, and correlational design. The sample comprised 864 Chilean students (M age = 15.4; SD age = 1.3). Girls represented 58% of the sample. Results: A 13-item unifactorial model was supported for both subscales, with good internal consistency. Scores correlated positively with MD, and boys scored higher than girls on both subscales. Three profiles were identified: (1) no high aggression; (2) high aggression in one context; and (3) high aggression in two contexts. MD increased with the number of contexts, regardless of aggression frequency. Conclusions: Findings provide validity evidence for the CEVEO bullying subscales in Chilean adolescents, based on their internal structure, associations with external variables, and reliability. The instrument is useful for detecting violence across settings and identifying profiles based on the contextual extent of aggression.