# Magnetic Europium Ion-Based Fluorescence Sensing Probes for the Detection of Tetracyclines in Complex Samples

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method using magnetic europium ion probes to quickly and accurately detect tetracycline antibiotics in food samples.

## Contribution

A novel magnetic fluorescent probe based on Eu3+ is developed for rapid and sensitive detection of tetracyclines in complex food matrices.

## Key findings

- The Eu3+-based probe can detect tetracyclines with detection limits of ~3–7 nM.
- The method achieved high accuracy in real food samples like chicken broth and commercial broth cubes.
- The probe enables rapid TC capture within ~2.5 minutes under microwave heating.

## Abstract

Eu3+ is a fluorescent and paramagnetic ion whose emission intensity increases when chelated with enhancers such as tetracycline (TC). In this study, Eu3+ was conjugated with citric acid (CA) to form magnetic fluorescent probes capable of capturing trace TC from solutions. The probes were rapidly prepared (~2.25 min) and trapped TC within ~2.5 min under microwave heating. The method enabled sensitive detection of TC, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline with detection limits of ~3–7 nM by fluorescence spectroscopy. It was successfully applied to real food samples, including fresh chicken broth and commercial broth cubes, achieving high accuracy (93.7% and 96.6%). This dual-functional probe offers a rapid and sensitive approach for detecting TC residues in complex food matrices, demonstrating strong potential for food-safety monitoring.