# Prospective of Colorectal Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Management Using Bowel Sounds Leveraging Artificial Intelligence

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how artificial intelligence could use intestinal sounds to help detect and monitor colorectal cancer in a non-invasive way.

## Contribution

The paper introduces bowel sound analysis with AI as a novel, non-invasive approach for colorectal cancer screening.

## Key findings

- AI models analyzing bowel sounds achieved diagnostic accuracies between 88% and 96% in early studies.
- Abnormal bowel sound patterns, like prolonged intervals and high-pitched noises, correlate with colorectal cancer.
- Current AI models can detect tumor-related motility disturbances and partial obstructions through bowel sound analysis.

## Abstract

Colorectal cancer is a common and serious disease, but many people delay or avoid screening because current tests can be invasive, uncomfortable, or expensive. This review explores a new research idea: using bowel sounds—the natural noises made by the intestines—combined with artificial intelligence to support colorectal cancer screening, diagnosis, and management. With modern digital stethoscopes, wearable sensors, and computer algorithms, bowel sounds can be recorded and analyzed in ways that were not possible before. The authors aim to summarize what is currently known about bowel sound analysis, how artificial intelligence can detect subtle patterns linked to bowel disease, and whether this approach could one day complement existing screening methods. While this technology is still experimental and not ready for clinical use, it may open new research pathways for developing safer, more accessible, and non-invasive tools to support early detection and monitoring of colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 10% of all cancer cases. Despite the proven effectiveness of conventional screening modalities such as colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), their invasive nature, high cost, and limited patient compliance hinder widespread adoption. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and bowel sound-based signal processing have enabled non-invasive approaches for gastrointestinal diagnostics. Among these, bowel sound analysis—historically considered subjective—has reemerged as a promising biomarker using digital auscultation and machine learning. Objective: This review explores the potential of AI-powered bowel sound analytics for early detection, screening, and characterization of colorectal cancer. It aims to assess current methodologies, summarize reported performance metrics, and highlight translational opportunities and challenges in clinical implementation. Methods: A narrative review was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases using the terms colorectal cancer, bowel sounds, phonoenterography, artificial intelligence, and non-invasive diagnosis. Eligible studies involving human bowel sound-based recordings, AI-based sound analysis, or machine learning applications in gastrointestinal pathology were reviewed for study design, signal acquisition methods, AI model architecture, and diagnostic accuracy. Results: Across studies using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), gradient boosting, and transformer-based models, reported diagnostic accuracies ranged from 88% to 96%. Area under the curve (AUC) values were ≥0.83, with F1 scores between 0.71 and 0.85 for bowel sound classification. In CRC-specific frameworks such as BowelRCNN, AI models successfully differentiate abnormal bowel sound intervals and spectral patterns associated with tumor-related motility disturbances and partial obstruction. Distinct bowel sound-based signatures—such as prolonged sound-to-sound intervals and high-pitched “tinkling” proximal to lesions—demonstrate the physiological basis for CRC detection through bowel sound-based biomarkers. Conclusions: AI-driven bowel sound analysis represents an emerging, exploratory research direction rather than a validated colorectal cancer screening modality. While early studies demonstrate physiological plausibility and technical feasibility, no large-scale, CRC-specific validation studies currently establish sensitivity, specificity, PPV, or NPV for cancer detection. Accordingly, bowel sound analytics should be viewed as hypothesis-generating and potentially complementary to established screening tools, rather than a near-term alternative to validated modalities such as FIT, multitarget stool DNA testing, or colonoscopy.