# miRNAs in Glomerular Diseases: From Pathogenic Insight to Therapeutic Potential: A Narrative Review

## TL;DR

This review discusses how miRNAs influence kidney diseases, particularly glomerulopathies, and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

## Contribution

The paper provides a narrative review of miRNAs' roles in glomerular diseases and their potential for personalized therapies.

## Key findings

- Aberrant miRNA expression is linked to the progression of various renal diseases.
- miRNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for glomerulopathies.
- Targeting specific miRNAs could offer therapeutic opportunities in kidney disease.

## Abstract

This article explores the multifaceted role of micro-ribonucleic acids (RNAs) (miRNAs) as critical posttranscriptional regulators in renal physiology and disease, with a focus on their emerging significance in glomerulopathies. miRNAs, small endogenous noncoding RNAs, modulate gene expression by promoting messenger RNA degradation or inhibiting translation, thereby orchestrating essential cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress responses. Recent advances have revealed that aberrant miRNA expression profiles are intricately linked to the pathogenesis and progression of various renal diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, alloimmune injury in solid organ transplantation and glomerulonephritis. This review summarizes the pathogenic and protective roles of miRNAs in major glomerulopathies, discusses their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and outlines future directions for their integration into personalized therapeutic strategies. At the moment, it is not fully established whether some of these mechanisms are the primary pathogenic driver or a secondary response. Combining miRNAs with other molecular markers may further enhance diagnostic and predictive accuracy, facilitating clinical translation, while selective targeting of specific miRNAs at different stages of disease progression could offer promising therapeutic opportunities.