# Composites Based on Collagen, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Sage Oil with Potential Use in Dentistry

## TL;DR

This study explores collagen-based composites with sage oil and chondroitin sulfate for dental implants, showing potential for bone tissue regeneration.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is the development of a collagen composite with controlled properties using sage oil and chondroitin sulfate for dental applications.

## Key findings

- Composites with sage oil showed higher resistance to enzymatic degradation.
- Chondroitin sulfate promoted extracellular matrix deposition in osteoblast cells.
- The composite structures were cytocompatible and suitable for bone tissue regeneration.

## Abstract

Osseointegration in dental implants involves the use of materials that mimic the bone tissue, with special properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, we describe the preparation and characterization of composites based on collagen, chondroitin sulfate, and sage oil obtained by freeze-drying method. Their morphological structures were determined by water uptake and scanning electron microscopy, the physical–chemical interactions between components by FT-IR, the stability by in vitro collagenase degradation, and the results indicate that the samples’ properties are highly influenced by the hydrophobic and hydrophilic character of sage essential oil and chondroitin sulfate, respectively, concluding that we can design a formulation with certain properties. The composite spongious forms were evaluated for cytocompatibility using the MG63 osteoblast cell line and subjected to histological observation. The results showed that the samples with sage essential oil were most resistant to enzymatic degradation, and the ones with chondroitin sulfate promoted the deposition of an abundant extracellular matrix. Taken together, the results suggest that incorporating chondroitin sulfate and sage oil in a controlled manner into collagen scaffolds represents a promising approach for enhancing bone tissue regeneration.