# Maresins

## TL;DR

This paper reviews maresins, a type of anti-inflammatory compound derived from omega-3 fatty acids, and their potential for treating diseases involving inflammation.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive synthesis of maresins' biosynthesis, structure, and biological roles, emphasizing their therapeutic potential.

## Key findings

- Maresins modulate inflammation and promote tissue regeneration through various biological functions.
- Preclinical studies show protective effects of maresins in neuroinflammation, liver injury, and other diseases.
- Key gaps remain in understanding maresin biosynthesis and receptor interactions.

## Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 derivatives such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that actively orchestrate the resolution of inflammation. Among these, maresins (MaRs) have gathered increasing attention due to their potent immunomodulatory and tissue-regenerative properties. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current knowledge on the biosynthesis, structural diversity, and biological functions of MaRs, with a focus on MaR1. We discuss the enzymatic pathways involved in the generation of MaR1, MaR2, MaRs conjugates in tissue regeneration (MCTRs), and maresin-like lipid mediators (MaR-Ls), highlighting their roles in modulating inflammatory responses, promoting phagocytosis, and restoring tissue homeostasis. Preclinical evidence from in vitro and in vivo models demonstrates that MaRs exert protective effects in a wide range of pathological contexts, including neuroinflammation, liver injury, cardiovascular dysfunction, pulmonary diseases, and metabolic disorders. Although their therapeutic promise is well-supported, key gaps remain in the understanding of MaRs biosynthesis, receptor specificity, and translational applicability. This review emphasizes the importance of advancing mechanistic and clinical research to fully harness MaRs as part of next-generation therapeutics in inflammation-driven diseases.