# Efficient Blended Models for Analysis and Detection of Neuropathic Pain from EEG Signals Using Machine Learning

## TL;DR

This paper proposes efficient blended machine learning models to detect neuropathic pain from EEG signals, achieving high classification accuracy.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in the development of two blended models combining advanced feature selection and hybrid classification techniques for neuropathic pain detection.

## Key findings

- The best model achieved a classification accuracy of 92.68% using FCM features and Polynomial Kernel-based PLS-SVM.
- Hybrid feature selection techniques like SSO-PSO improved model performance significantly.
- Blended models outperformed traditional methods in neuropathic pain classification from EEG data.

## Abstract

Due to the damage happening in the nervous system, neuropathic pain occurs and it affects the quality of life of the patient to a great extent. Therefore, some clinical evaluations are required to assess the diagnostic outcomes precisely. A lot of information about the activities of the brain is provided by Electroencephalography (EEG) signals and neuropathic pain can be assessed and classified with the aid of EEG and machine learning. In this work, two approaches are proposed in terms of efficient blended models for the classification of neuropathic pain through EEG signals. In the first blended model, once the features are extracted using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), statistical features, and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering techniques, the features are selected using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Feature Correlation Clustering Technique (FCCT), F-test, and Bayesian Optimization Algorithm (BOA) and it is classified with the help of three hybrid classification models like Spider Monkey Optimization-based Gradient Boosting Machine (SMO-GBM) classifier, hybrid deep kernel learning with Support Vector Machine (DKL-SVM) classifier, and CatBoost classifier. In the second blended model, once the features are extracted, the features are selected using Hybrid Feature Selection—Majority Voting System (HFS-MVS), Hybrid Salp Swarm Optimization—Particle Swarm Optimization (SSO-PSO), Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), and Mutual Information (MI) and it is classified with the help of three hybrid classification models like Partial Least Squares (PLS) variant classification models combined with Kernel-based SVM, ensemble classification model with soft voting strategy, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifier. The proposed blended models are evaluated on a publicly available dataset and the best results are shown when the FCM features are selected with SSO-PSO feature selection technique and classified with Polynomial Kernel-based PLS-SVM Classifier, reporting a high classification accuracy of 92.68% in this work.