# Risk Factors Associated with Dentofacial Anomalies [Including Malocclusion] in Adults

## TL;DR

This study identifies age and specific oral and neurological conditions as risk factors for dentofacial anomalies in adults.

## Contribution

The study introduces a multivariate model linking oral and neurological conditions to dentofacial anomalies, offering insights for early detection and prevention.

## Key findings

- Age was inversely associated with dentofacial anomalies.
- Neurological conditions like Bell’s palsy and trigeminal neuralgia were strongly linked to dentofacial anomalies.
- Oral conditions such as caries and gingivitis showed significant associations with dentofacial anomalies.

## Abstract

Background: Dentofacial anomalies, including malocclusion, emerge from the interplay of genetic, clinical, and environmental determinants. Understanding the factors associated with these anomalies is crucial at the primary care level. Our study aimed to determine the possible associated factors with dentofacial anomalies in patients attended at the primary care level. Methods: A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to a primary care population, with the presence of dentofacial anomalies as the dependent variable. Independent variables included age and selected clinical conditions of dental and neurological origin. Results: Age was inversely associated with dentofacial anomalies (OR = 0.991; 95% CI 0.985–0.998; p = 0.013). Significant clinical factors included vertigo (OR = 2.59; 95% CI 1.42–4.71; p = 0.002), hearing loss (OR = 4.34; 95% CI 2.44–7.72; p < 0.001), trigeminal neuralgia (OR = 8.54; 95% CI 3.22–22.67; p < 0.001), Bell’s palsy (OR = 9.19; 95% CI 4.01–21.04; p < 0.001), caries limited to enamel (OR = 17.92; 95% CI 12.99–24.71; p < 0.001), and acute gingivitis (OR = 10.64; 95% CI 5.61–20.20; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Both oral and neurological conditions showed strong associations with dentofacial anomalies. The model identified key factors that may facilitate early detection and guide the development of targeted preventive strategies in oral health practice and policy, supporting the integration of multidisciplinary approaches to patient care.