# The Impact of Educational LLM Agent Use on Teachers’ Curriculum Content Creation: The Chain Mediating Role of School Support and Teacher Self-Efficacy

## TL;DR

Educational LLM agents help teachers create curriculum content, with school support and teacher confidence playing key roles in this process.

## Contribution

This study identifies a chain mediation effect of school support and teacher self-efficacy in the impact of educational LLM agents on curriculum design.

## Key findings

- Educational LLM agents positively predict teachers' ability to create curriculum content.
- School support and teacher self-efficacy together mediate the impact of LLM agents on curriculum design.
- Qualitative interviews revealed individual differences in how teachers use educational LLM agents.

## Abstract

The application of social cognitive theory has expanded to the boundaries of human-computer interaction research. However, existing research has scarcely addressed mutual cognitive facilitation between humans and personalized educational large language model (LLM) agents. This study explored how educational LLM agents influence teachers’ curriculum design and content creation, based on a sample of 464 teachers from coastal regions of China, along with semi-structured interviews with 23 participants. Quantitative analysis of the survey data revealed that the involvement of educational LLM agents positively predicts teachers’ ability to create content in curriculum design. Additionally, teachers’ self-efficacy mediated this relationship, while both school support and self-efficacy together created a chain mediation effect. Qualitative findings from the interviews supported the quantitative results and further highlighted individual differences and contextual nuances in teachers’ use of educational LLM agents. In summary, the findings indicated that educational LLM agents positively impact teachers’ curriculum design and content creation, with school support and teachers’ self-efficacy acting as a chain mediator in this process.