Caffeic Acid-Driven Green Synthesis of Rhenium Nanoparticles Embedded in Self-Templating Double-Shelled ZnMn2O4 Hollow Microspheres for Ultrasensitive Epinephrine Detection in Biofluids
Rajalakshmi Sakthivel, Bo-Yuan Chen, Subbiramaniyan Kubendhiran, Lu-Yin Lin, Sayee Kannan Ramaraj, Yu-Chien Lin, Xinke Liu, Cihun-Siyong Gong, Ren-Jei Chung
TL;DR
A new electrochemical sensor using rhenium nanoparticles in a ZnMn2O4 structure detects epinephrine in biofluids with high sensitivity and accuracy.
Contribution
A novel green synthesis method creates Re@ZnMn2O4 for ultrasensitive epinephrine detection in biofluids.
Findings
The sensor has a broad detection range (0.5–1951.3 μM) and low detection limit (0.21 μM).
It shows excellent reproducibility, stability, and resistance to interferents.
Accurate epinephrine quantification was achieved in human serum and urine.
Abstract
In the present work, we report an electrochemical sensor based on rhenium (Re) nanoparticles embedded within a double-shelled ZnMn2O4 hollow microsphere (Re@ZnMn2O4) for ultrasensitive detection of epinephrine (EP) in biofluids. The Re@ZnMn2O4 material was synthesized via a coprecipitation and annealing route, followed by a green, caffeic acid (CA)-assisted chemical reduction. Structural and morphological analyses, including spectrophotometry, confirmed the high purity, crystallinity, and integrity of the material. Electrochemical performance was evaluated using voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The Re@ZnMn2O4-modified electrode exhibited superior electrochemical activity attributed to its high conductivity, large surface area, abundant active sites, and efficient charge transfer enabled by the hollow architecture. EP oxidation followed a diffusion-controlled 2e–/2H+ transfer…
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Taxonomy
TopicsElectrochemical sensors and biosensors · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors · Biosensors and Analytical Detection