High Immunohistochemical Expression of SETD5 as a Candidate Pathological Factor for Dedifferentiation and Prognosis in Liposarcoma

TL;DR

High SETD5 expression in dedifferentiated liposarcoma is linked to worse survival and may help predict prognosis.

Contribution

Identifies SETD5 as a potential biomarker for dedifferentiation and prognosis in liposarcoma.

Findings

SETD5 expression is significantly higher in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas compared to benign tumors.

High SETD5 in the dedifferentiated component of DDLPS correlates with worse overall survival.

Pleomorphic liposarcoma shows the highest SETD5 expression levels.

Abstract

SET domain containing 5 (SETD5), a chromatin regulator involved in adipocytic differentiation, has been identified in various cancers, but its immunohistochemical expression and prognostic significance in liposarcoma remain unclear. This study examined the immunohistochemical expression and prognostic significance of SETD5 in liposarcomas. SETD5 expression was analyzed in 100 adipocytic tumors using immunohistochemistry; these 100 tumors consisted of 24 dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS), 24 atypical lipomatous tumors/well differentiated liposarcomas (WDLPS), 12 myxoid liposarcomas, 5 pleomorphic liposarcomas, and 35 benign adipocytic tumors. SETD5 expression was assessed using the immunoreactivity score and its prognostic significance was investigated. SETD5 expression was absent in normal adipose tissue and minimal in lipomas. SETD5 expression was significantly higher in WDLPS than in lipomas (p = 0.01). Moreover, SETD5 expression was markedly elevated in the dedifferentiated component of DDLPS compared to the well‐differentiated component (p < 0.001). Pleomorphic liposarcoma showed the highest SETD5 expression levels. In DDLPS, high SETD5 expression in the dedifferentiated component correlated with worse overall survival (p < 0.001) but was not correlated with disease‐free survival (p = 0.086). Immunohistochemical expression of SETD5 significantly correlates with prognosis in DDLPS and may serve as a candidate pathological factor for dedifferentiation and prognosis.

SET domain containing 5 (SETD5), a chromatin regulator involved in adipocytic differentiation. However, its immunohistochemical expression and prognostic significance in liposarcoma remain unclear. In our study, SETD5 expression was markedly elevated in the dedifferentiated component of dedifferentiated liposarcoma compared to the well‐differentiated component, and high SETD5 expression in the dedifferentiated component correlated with worse overall survival. SETD5 may serve as a candidate pathological factor for dedifferentiation and prognosis.

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