# Pregnancy Outcomes in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Persistent Clinical Challenge

**Authors:** Styliani Partalidou

PMC · DOI: 10.31138/mjr.031125.apr · 2025-12-31

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** IFNG (interferon gamma) [NCBI Gene 3458] {aka IFG, IFI, IMD69}, IL4 (interleukin 4) [NCBI Gene 3565] {aka BCGF-1, BCGF1, BSF-1, BSF1, IL-4}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, IL12B (interleukin 12B) [NCBI Gene 3593] {aka CLMF, CLMF2, IL-12B, IMD28, IMD29, NKSF}, IL5 (interleukin 5) [NCBI Gene 3567] {aka EDF, IL-5, TRF}, TGFB1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) [NCBI Gene 7040] {aka CAEND1, CED, DPD1, IBDIMDE, LAP, TGF-beta1}
- **Diseases:** gestational diabetes (MESH:D016640), depression (MESH:D003866), miscarriage (MESH:D000022), Pain (MESH:D010146), Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (MESH:D012216), pre-eclampsia (MESH:D011225), hypertension (MESH:D006973), antiphospholipid syndrome (MESH:D016736), abortion (MESH:D000026), MJR (MESH:D007161), RA (MESH:D001172), Raynaud phenomenon (MESH:D011928), sexual dysfunction (MESH:D012735), SSc (MESH:D012595), IUGR (MESH:D005317), SLE (MESH:D008180)
- **Chemicals:** methotrexate (MESH:D008727), hydroxychloroquine (MESH:D006886), cortisol (MESH:D006854)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12835911