# Assessing the mental health literacy of young adults from rural and urban communities in Malawi

## TL;DR

This study assesses mental health knowledge in young adults in Malawi, finding low awareness and help-seeking behavior, with education level influencing understanding.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into mental health literacy gaps among young adults in rural and urban Malawi, emphasizing the role of education.

## Key findings

- Most respondents had limited knowledge of specific mental illnesses and misconceptions about mental health.
- Higher education was associated with better mental health literacy scores, especially regarding stereotypes and help-seeking behavior.
- Only 14% of those who knew someone with a mental illness could specify the illness.

## Abstract

Mental health literacy (MHL) is the ability to recognise mental disorders; have knowledge of professional help available, effective self-help and prevention strategies; and have the skills to support others. MHL is linked to better help-seeking behaviours and better management of mental illness. Mental illness prevalence is increasing in Malawi. Assessing MHL in communities crucially helps identify knowledge gaps, informing the development of evidence-based interventions.

This study assessed the MHL levels of young adults (16–30 years old) in rural and urban communities in Malawi.

A cross-sectional national survey was administered to 682 people across 13 districts in Malawi, using a self-reporting Mental Health Literacy questionnaire (MHLq) that assessed knowledge of mental health problems, erroneous beliefs/stereotypes, first aid skills, help-seeking behaviour and self-help strategies.

Most respondents were either unemployed (36%) or enrolled in school (43%). A total of 73% completed primary or secondary education, and 48% knew someone with a mental illness, but only 14% of this group could specify the illness. The mean MHL score was 111.8 (s.d. 13.9). Individuals with primary and secondary school qualifications had significantly lower scores in factor 2 (erroneous beliefs/stereotypes) and factor 3 (first aid skills and assistance-seeking behaviour) of the MHLq than those with higher education.

This research highlights persisting mental health misconceptions, limited knowledge about specific mental illnesses and low help-seeking behaviour among young adult Malawians. Higher education is linked to a better understanding of mental health. Prioritising community education on causes, signs, treatments and prognosis of mental illness is crucial for increased MHL.