# Figure–ground relationship of voices in musical structure modulates reciprocal frontotemporal connectivity

## TL;DR

This study explores how the brain's connectivity changes when perceiving a melody as either the main focus or background in music.

## Contribution

The study reveals how repeated exposure to music can shift brain connectivity related to melody perception.

## Key findings

- Frontotemporal connectivity patterns changed in repeated musical phrases across two variations.
- The TTLS melody became less prominent while lower voices became more prominent after repeated exposure.
- Frontotemporal and temporofrontal connectivity showed opposite correlations during figure–ground shifts.

## Abstract

When listening to polyphonic music, we often perceive a melody as the figure against the ground of accompanying sounds. However, with repeated exposure, this figure–ground relationship may naturally shift, allowing the melody to recede into the ground. In a previous study, we found the consistent pattern of frontotemporal connectivity for the “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” (TTLS) melody in the headings of two Variations (II and IV) in Mozart's 12 Variations, K. 265, indicating that the TTLS melody, but not the different lower voices, was the figure. However, the frontotemporal connectivity pattern may change in the same phrases repeating in the two variations. In the current study, we examined how frontotemporal connectivity changes in the repeated phrases. In the results, the frontotemporal connectivity pattern between the two variations changed in the final phrase after repeated passages. This suggests that the shift in the figure–ground relationship persists, with the TTLS melody becoming less prominent while the lower voices become relatively more prominent. Additionally, frontotemporal connectivity was strongly correlated with temporofrontal connectivity in the opposite direction. Finally, our data indicate that TTLS melody-based and sensory-based processes in response to a switched figure–ground relationship, are incorporated into the bidirectional connections between frontotemporal and temporofrontal connectivity. Our study highlights the brain's ability to reconfigure figure–ground relationships in the processing of musical voices.