# Development and practical application of condition monitoring system for ultra-high voltage electrical equipment

## TL;DR

This paper presents a system for monitoring ultra-high voltage electrical equipment to detect faults and improve reliability through real-time data analysis.

## Contribution

A novel condition monitoring system for ultra-high voltage equipment using intelligent methodologies for real-time surveillance and fault diagnosis.

## Key findings

- GIS SF6 gas density reaches 6.452 kg/m³ under ambient cooling conditions.
- Surge arrester leakage current peaks at 95.591 mA during voltage escalation.
- Power factor reaches 0.904 at full load after initial decrease.

## Abstract

Electrical equipment serves as mission-critical infrastructure in power systems. Operational status monitoring is fundamental to load demand fulfillment. This study employs intelligent methodologies to establish an ultra-high voltage equipment condition monitoring system for real-time operational status surveillance, enabling timely fault diagnosis and early warning through automated analysis of equipment status changes. Key metrics: GIS SF6 gas density achieves 6.452 kg/m³ under ambient cooling conditions; SF6 gas pressure reaches 0.960 MPa during switching operations; SF6 gas temperature declines to -28.491℃ under high-frequency switching cycles; Surge arrester leakage current exhibits non-monotonic behavior with voltage escalation, with peak magnitude observed at 95.591 mA; Under full load, the GIS three-phase voltage reaches 239.958 V. The three-phase current exhibits an overall downward trend, dropping to 2.519 A under heavy load. Active power peaks at 3,472.504 W under medium load, while reactive power reaches 1,078.828 var under heavy load. Apparent power attains 4,431.743 VA under heavy load. The power factor initially decreases, then rises, achieving 0.904 at full load. The successful development of this system provides valuable insights for enhancing equipment reliability, improving monitoring efficiency, and reducing operational costs.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-33285-z.