Contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics for predicting visceral pleural invasion in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer

TL;DR

This study developed a radiomics model using contrast-enhanced CT scans to predict visceral pleural invasion in early-stage lung cancer before surgery, potentially improving treatment planning.

Contribution

A contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics model was developed and shown to outperform traditional CT features in predicting visceral pleural invasion.

Findings

The radiomics model achieved an AUC of 0.812, outperforming the CT-feature model with an AUC of 0.714.

The combined model of radiomics and CT features achieved an AUC of 0.825, slightly higher than the radiomics model alone.

Abstract

Waiting for postoperative pathologic confirmation of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) may delay treatment decisions. This study aimed to develop a contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics model for preoperative prediction of VPI in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

We retrospectively enrolled 523 surgically resected NSCLC patients (195 with VPI, 328 without VPI) with clinically staged IA based on preoperative imaging between December 2019 and June 2022. Patients were randomly divided into training, validation, and testing sets at a ratio of 5:2:3. For each patient, 13 CT features were recorded, including the types I–V tumor relationships to the pleura. Regions of interest (ROIs) were segmented semi-automatically using deep learning. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to select key radiomics features. Three models were developed: a CT-feature model, a radiomics model, and a combined model. The performance and clinical utility of these models were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis.

The tumor relationship to the pleura, density, maximum diameter, and spiculation were selected to construct the CT-feature model. A total of 10 optimal features formed the radiomics model. The radiomics model achieved an AUC of 0.812 in the testing set, outperforming the CT-feature model (0.714). Furthermore, the combined model showed a slightly higher AUC (0.825) compared to the radiomics model.

The radiomics model demonstrated satisfactory performance for predicting VPI in early-stage NSCLC, outperforming the CT-feature model. The integration of radiomics and CT features may provide enhanced predictive value.

This study constructed a contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics model with promising performance for the preoperative prediction of VPI, which aims to guide treatment planning for early-stage NSCLC.

VPI affects the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging of tumors and subsequent treatment strategies.The radiomics model outperformed the CT-feature model in predicting VPI.The contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics model may be valuable for optimizing clinical decision-making.

VPI affects the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging of tumors and subsequent treatment strategies.

The radiomics model outperformed the CT-feature model in predicting VPI.

The contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics model may be valuable for optimizing clinical decision-making.

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