# Entomo-virological investigation in urban forest fragments and intradomiciles during a dengue outbreak in Salinas, MG, Brazil

## TL;DR

This study examined mosquitoes in urban and home environments during a dengue outbreak in Brazil, finding high dengue virus presence in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

## Contribution

The study integrates entomological and virological data to highlight urban mosquito roles in dengue transmission.

## Key findings

- Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were the most abundant and carried dengue virus serotype 1.
- Mosquito species richness varied between home and urban forest environments.
- DENV-1 strains clustered with those from São Paulo State, indicating regional transmission links.

## Abstract

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are among the most important disease vectors worldwide. Several species exhibit high levels of anthropophily and are frequently found in human dwellings and forest fragments near urban areas.

In this integrative study combining mosquito collection, viral detection, and ecological analyses, the assemblage of diurnal mosquitoes was investigated across three distinct environments - intradomiciles, and two distinct urban forest fragments (UFFs) - during a dengue outbreak in the city of Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Sampled mosquitoes were tested for the presence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

A total of 722 mosquitoes were collected, representing seven genera and 12 species. The most abundant species were Culex quinquefasciatus (270/722, 37.4%), Aedes aegypti (205/722, 28.4%), Ae. albopictus (112/722, 15.5%), and Ae. scapularis (110/722, 15.2%). Five of 81 pools tested positive for dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) RNA, all belonging to Ae. aegypti species. Phylogenetic analyses of the nearly complete genome of DENV-1 revealed clustering with strains sampled in 2023 from São Paulo State. Mosquito richness and composition differed between environments (houses and urban forests), whereas abundance was similar across all environments.

Important vector species were detected, including Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. scapularis, Sabethes albiprivus, and Coquillettidia venezuelensis, associated with the transmission of dengue, oropouche, mayaro, yellow fever, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses. Entomological and virological investigations in urban and peri-urban environments are crucial, as these areas provide shelter and refuge for anthropophilic and opportunistic mosquito species. Our findings underscore a high potential for mosquito-borne disease spillover in these areas.