# Comparing AI and human moral reasoning: context-sensitive patterns beyond utilitarian bias

## TL;DR

This paper compares how AI systems and humans make moral decisions, finding that AI responses are context-sensitive rather than purely utilitarian.

## Contribution

The study reveals that LLMs like ChatGPT and Claude Sonnet show context-sensitive moral reasoning, challenging assumptions about their utilitarian bias.

## Key findings

- LLMs alternate between deontological and utilitarian judgments based on scenario features.
- Moral responses from LLMs are more complex and context-sensitive than previously assumed.
- These findings could influence trust in AI systems for ethically sensitive tasks.

## Abstract

Decision-making supported by intelligent systems is being increasingly deployed in ethically sensitive domains. As a result, it is of considerable importance to understand the patterns of moral judgments generated by large language models (LLMs).

To this end, the current research systematically investigates how two prominent LLMs (i.e., ChatGPT and Claude Sonnet) respond to 12 moral scenarios previously administered to human participants (first language and second language users). The primary purpose was to examine whether the responses generated by LLMs align with either deontological or utilitarian orientations. Our secondary aim was to compare response patterns of these two models to those of human respondents in previous studies.

Contrary to prevailing assumptions regarding the utilitarian tendency of LLMs, the findings revealed subtle response distributions of moral choice that are context-sensitive. Specifically, both models alternated between deontological and utilitarian judgments, depending on the scenario-specific features.

These output patterns reflect complex moral trade-offs and may play a significant role in shaping societal trust and acceptance of AI systems in morally sensitive domains.