# Adults with type 1 diabetes who sleep 7–9 hours per night present lower glycemic variability: a cross-sectional study

## TL;DR

Adults with type 1 diabetes who sleep 7–9 hours per night have more stable blood sugar levels compared to those who sleep less or more.

## Contribution

This study shows that sleep duration within the recommended range is associated with reduced glycemic variability in type 1 diabetes patients.

## Key findings

- Participants sleeping 7–9 hours had lower glycemic variability compared to those sleeping less or more.
- Glycemic variability metrics like MAGE, MODD, and CV were significantly reduced in the 7–9 hour sleep group.
- The association remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and HbA1c.

## Abstract

The National Sleep Foundation (NSF) recommends 7–9 hours of sleep per night for adults. Inadequate sleep may negatively impact the outcomes of diabetes treatment.

This study aimed to investigate the associations between sleep duration and quality and glycemic variability in adults with type 1 diabetes.

155 participants with type 1 diabetes (73 men, 47%), mean (SD) age 33 (9) years, median (IQR) diabetes duration 12 (8-20) years, completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data were analyzed using Glyculator 3.0. The ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc Bonferroni correction analysis, logistic regression, and multivariable linear regression models were used.

78 participants (50.3%) met the NSF criteria of recommended sleep duration, 56 (36.1%) declared sleeping less than 7h, and 21 (13.6%) sleeping more than 9h. Compared with participants sleeping 7-9h per night, each other group had significantly higher: mean glucose, coefficient of glycemic variability (CV), glycemia risk index (GRI), high blood glucose index (HBGI), mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE), glycemic risk assessment in diabetes equation (GRADE), mean of daily differences (MODD) and lower time-in-range (TIR). No differences in sleep quality, low blood glucose index (LBGI), HbA1c, or diabetes duration were shown among groups. In multivariable logistic regression analysis sleeping 7-9h per night was associated with lower CV, MAGE and MODD after adjustment for age, sex and HbA1c.

Adults with type 1 diabetes who sleep 7–9 hours per night present lower glycemic variability compared with those sleeping less or more.