# Who gets traumatic spinal cord injury? A Finnish tertiary trauma centre study

## TL;DR

This study examines the causes and characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injuries in Finland, finding that low-level falls in older adults are a major cause.

## Contribution

The study identifies age-specific injury patterns and risk factors for traumatic spinal cord injury in a Finnish population.

## Key findings

- Low-level falls caused 48% of traumatic spinal cord injuries, especially in patients over 60 years old.
- Older patients were more likely to suffer incomplete tetraplegia compared to younger patients.
- Pre-injury factors like medication use, diseases, and low physical activity were more common in older patients.

## Abstract

Prospective cohort study.

To characterize patients with a new traumatic spinal cord injury and their pre-injury profiles.

Tampere University Hospital, Finland.

Newly injured patients (n = 46, male = 89%, mean age = 66y) with an acute cervical or thoracic traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) were recruited. They were evaluated and interviewed within 72 h postinjury. Health and medication history was gathered by interview and from electronic medical records. The International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury were used to classify the neurological consequences of TSCI. Epidemiological characteristics were recorded according to the International SCI Core Data Sets.

The leading causes of injury were low-level falls (48%), high-level falls (26%), and transport accidents (15%). Among patients >60 years, 63% were injured by low-level falls. Tetraplegia occurred in 87% of patients >60, compared to 63% ≤ 60 years. AIS D was the most common injury grade (44%). Complete injuries were seen in 38% of younger patients and 17% of older patients. Most patients had prior medication (72%) and at least one diagnosed disease (87%), both increasing in the older group. Overweight and low physical activity were common pre-injury characteristics. Alcohol preceded injury in 37% of cases. Low-level falls mostly caused cervical injuries (96%) and the patients seemed to have more diseases, fall-risk-increasing drugs and reduced physical activity levels compared to other etiologies.

Low-level falls, particularly in older patients, were the leading cause of TSCI, often resulting in incomplete tetraplegia. Age-specific prevention strategies, especially fall prevention for older adults, are essential.