# The patterns and associated factors of life-space in older patients at 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention: a latent class analysis

## TL;DR

This study identifies three types of life-space recovery patterns in older patients six months after heart procedures and finds factors that influence these patterns.

## Contribution

The study introduces a new classification of life-space recovery patterns using latent class analysis in older PCI patients.

## Key findings

- Three life-space subgroups were identified: daily activity, community exercise, and home maintenance.
- Age, diabetes, and depression influence transitions to the highest life-space group.
- Activity status and self-efficacy affect transitions from lower to higher life-space groups.

## Abstract

Life-space is a critical indicator of recovery in older patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We sought to explore its latent classes at 6 months after PCI and to analyze the influence factors associated with different classes.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the cardiac research centers of three tertiary comprehensive hospitals located along the eastern coastal region of China. The study ultimately included 315 older patients who had undergone PCI as the participants. The patients’ life-space were assessed using the Life-space Assessment-China (LSA-C). Latent class analysis was employed to cluster the scores across different dimensions of life-space, and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associating with the subgroups of life-space.

Three distinct subgroups were identified: daily activity group (C1, n = 94, 29.8%), community exercise group (C2, n = 156, 49.5%), and home maintenance group (C3, n = 65, 20.6%). Age (p = 0.004, OR = 0.865, 95% CI:0.783 ~ 0.955), diabetes history (p = 0.036, OR = 0.368, 95% CI: 0.144 ~ 0.937), depression (p = 0.003, OR = 1.253, 95% CI:1.079 ~ 1.455) only influence the transition of C3 to C1,whereas Duke activity status index (DASI) (p = 0.004, OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.783 ~ 0.955), self-efficacy (p = 0.030, OR = 0.695, 95% CI:0.501 ~ 0.964) influence the transition of both C2 and C3 to C1.

Six months after PCI, the life-space of older patients can be classified into three subgroups. C1 exhibits the highest level of life-space, whereas the majority of patients fall into the lower-level subgroups (C2 and C3). Variations among these subgroups are associated with physiological and psychological factors. Identifying different subgroups of patients may provide new perspectives for medical professionals to individualized rehabilitation intervention protocols according, thereby alleviating restrictions of life-space and facilitate an effective transition from a home- and community-based setting to one cantered on routine daily activities.