# Anti-angiogenesis effect of Baiying Juhua Decoction on the non-small cell lung cancer: integrating pharmacology, multi-machine learning and experimental investigation

## TL;DR

This study explores how Baiying Juhua Decoction fights non-small cell lung cancer by combining traditional methods with modern machine learning and experiments.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel integration of network pharmacology, machine learning, and experimental validation to uncover the anti-angiogenic mechanisms of a traditional Chinese herbal formula.

## Key findings

- BYJHD inhibits NSCLC progression through anti-angiogenic effects.
- Five key signaling regulators were identified via PPI and machine learning analysis.
- Molecular docking confirmed strong compound-target interactions in BYJHD.

## Abstract

Baiying Juhua Decoction (BYJHD) is a well-established traditional Chinese herbal formula primarily composed of Solanum lyratum and chrysanthemum, which necessitates a thorough investigation to clarify its mechanisms in combating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study employed a combination of network pharmacology predictions, serum pharmacochemistry analysis, and various machine learning algorithms (including LASSO, SVM-RFE, and RF) to identify 38 bioactive compounds that target 653 proteins associated with NSCLC. A cross-analysis of 2161 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 3124 functional modules led to the identification of 54 critical therapeutic targets. Following this, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and machine learning analysis pinpointed five key signaling regulators. Molecular docking studies demonstrated strong binding affinities between four representative compounds from BYJHD and these targets. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that BYJHD inhibits the progression of NSCLC by exerting anti-angiogenic effects, specifically through the inhibition of the ACVRL-1/Smad/ID-1 signaling pathway and the downregulation of CD34. These findings effectively connect traditional clinical applications with contemporary mechanistic insights, positioning BYJHD as a promising multi-target therapeutic candidate for NSCLC.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40643-025-00993-3.