# Exploring Proteomic Differences in PBMCs for Sex-Specific Insights into Alzheimer's Disease

## TL;DR

This study explores how proteins in blood cells differ between men and women with Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the need for sex-specific approaches in treatment and diagnosis.

## Contribution

The study reveals sex-specific proteomic patterns in PBMCs of Alzheimer's patients, emphasizing distinct biological processes in males and females.

## Key findings

- Males with Alzheimer's showed proteomic changes related to complement activation, coagulation, and neuronal signaling.
- Females with Alzheimer's exhibited increased steroid hormone secretion and lipid metabolism, alongside reduced DNA maintenance.
- Both sexes displayed immune and hemostatic activation, suggesting shared systemic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease.

## Abstract

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) offer a minimally invasive window into systemic biology and immune dysregulation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We performed quantitative proteomic profiling of PBMCs from male and female AD patients and controls to assess sex differences. AD was associated with proteomic remodeling, with complement activation, coagulation, and neuronal signaling enriched in males, whereas females showed increased steroid hormone secretion, lipid metabolism, and acute-phase response with reduced translation and DNA maintenance. Despite distinct patterns, both sexes exhibited immune and hemostatic activation, underscoring shared systemic mechanisms and the need for sex-specific biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in AD.