# Exploring waste disposal attitudes and market strategies for recycled construction and demolition waste in India

## TL;DR

This study explores challenges in recycling construction waste in India, finding low awareness and quality concerns as major barriers to using recycled materials.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific market and policy strategies to promote recycled construction and demolition waste in India.

## Key findings

- Over 60% of stakeholders dispose of CDW on roadsides, waterbodies, and open lands.
- Quality is the most critical factor influencing the purchase of recycled secondary materials.
- 85% of stakeholders are unwilling to adopt recycled materials due to cost, distance, and lack of client demand.

## Abstract

The improper disposal of construction and demolition waste (CDW) poses significant environmental and infrastructural challenges in India. This study investigates the barriers and opportunities associated with promoting the use of recycled secondary materials (SM). A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative analysis of closed-ended survey responses with thematic analysis of open-ended responses. Data were collected from 73 stakeholders in Chennai, and findings were validated through triangulation. Results indicate low awareness of local waste management regulations (14%) and non-compliant waste disposal practices (> 60% disposing on roadsides, waterbodies and open lands). Quality emerged as the most critical factor influencing the purchase of SM (14.11/15), while reluctance to adopt (85% not willing) stemmed from concerns over procurement distance, costs, and the absence of client demand. Qualitative findings further reinforced quality concerns as the dominant barrier. To address these challenges, the study highlights the need for strong policy support (fiscal incentives), targeted marketing strategies (decentralised supply, diversified products), and improved industrial readiness (stakeholder awareness). Overall, the research identifies key factors enabling circular transition by emphasising consumer insights for SM market development and revealing non-compliant behaviours. Findings align with SDGs (9,11,12) and provide actionable insights for policymakers and recycling businesses.