# LED lighting (350-650nm) undermines human visual performance unless supplemented by wider spectra (400-1500nm+) like daylight

## TL;DR

LED lighting (350-650nm) harms human visual performance and mitochondrial function, but adding broader spectrum light (400-1500nm+) improves these effects for up to two months.

## Contribution

The study shows that supplementing LED lighting with broader spectrum light improves visual performance and mitochondrial function, with effects lasting after the intervention.

## Key findings

- Supplementing LED lighting with broad spectrum light (400–1500nm+) significantly improves color contrast sensitivity.
- The benefits of broad spectrum lighting last for two months after the intervention ends.
- LED lighting negatively affects mitochondrial respiration, which impacts metabolism and aging.

## Abstract

Life evolved under broad spectrum sunlight, from ultraviolet to infrared (300–2500 nm). This spectrally balanced light sculpted life’s physiology and metabolism. But modern lighting has recently become dominated by restricted spectrum light emitting diodes (350–650 nm LEDs). Absence of longer wavelengths in LEDs and their short wavelength dominance impacts physiology, undermining normal mitochondrial respiration that regulates metabolism, disease and ageing. Mitochondria are light sensitive. The 420–450 nm dominant in LEDs suppresses respiration while deep red/infrared (670–900 nm) increases respiration in aging and some diseases including in blood sugar regulation. Here we supplement LED light with broad spectrum lighting (400–1500 nm+) for 2 weeks and test colour contrast sensitivity. We show significant improvement in this metric that last for 2 months after the supplemental lighting is removed. Mitochondria communicate across the body with systemic impacts following regional light exposure. This likely involves shifting patterns of serum cytokine expression, raising the possibility of wider negative impacts of LEDs on human health particularly, in the elderly or in the clinical environment where individuals are debilitated. Changing the lighting in these environments could be a highly economic route to improved public health.