Correction to: Gambling Disorder in Male Violent Offenders in the Prison System: Psychiatric and Substance‑Related Comorbidity

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Correction to: Journal of Gambling Studies (2019) 35:485–500 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-018-9785-8

The original version of this article unfortunately contains a mistake. The corrected details are given below.

• Under heading “Methods”: In second paragraph of sub-heading "Participants" the following sentence "In six cases, there was not sufficient information from the clinical assessments to make a diagnostic evaluation about the presence of a gambling disorder, which yielded a group of 264 participants for this study." should read as "In six cases, there was not sufficient information from the clinical assessments to make a diagnostic evaluation about the presence of a gambling disorder, which yielded a group of 263 participants for this study."
• The decimals in percentages and p-values in all five tables should be updated. The corrected Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are given below. Table 1. Frequency of diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder, lifetimeDiagnostic criterionProportion positive in gambling disorder group (%)Preoccupation with gambling81.0Needs to gamble with increasing amounts of money81.0Reported unsuccessful efforts to control gambling57.1Withdrawal symptoms71.4Gambles as a way of escaping52.4Chasing losses81.0Lies to conceal the extent of involvement in gambling76.2Committed illegal acts to finance gambling52.4Jeopardized relationships, job etc23.8Relies on others to provide money14.3Table 2Sociodemographic data by occurrence of gambling disorder, lifetimeTotal sampleGambling disorder groupNon gambling disorder groupp-valueBH-adjusted p-valueAge, mean (years)22.322.622.30.2830.364Married/living together (%)24.333.322.60.1680.267Born in Sweden (%)73.471.473.80.8490.882Not graduated elementary and middle school in expected age25.545.221.70.0030.027**Unemployed before arrest60.764.360.00.7310.789Associations that remained significant after BH-adjustment are presented in bold textFisher’s exact test used for all categorical variables. Student’s t test is used for all numerical valuesBenjamini–Hochberg adjusted p-values using all 27 p-values displayed in Tables 2 and 3Table 3. Psychiatric and substance abuse comorbidity by occurrence of gambling disorder, lifetimeTotal sample, % (n)Gambling disorder group, % (n)Non gambling disorder group, % (n)p-value*BH-adjusted p-valueMental retardation1.90 (5)7.10 (3)0.90 (2)0.0310.105ADHD43.3 (113)52.4 (22)41.6 (91)0.2340.316Autism spectrum disorders9.50 (25)0.0 (0)11.3 (25)0.0190.086Conduct disorder79.1 (208)88.1 (37)77.4 (171)0.1480.266Substance abuse (any)84.4 (222)92.9 (39)82.8 (183)0.1100.248Alcohol48.3 (127)52.4 (22)47.5 (105)0.6150.692Sedatives48.7 (127)64.3 (27)45.7 (100)0.0290.105Cannabis77.5 (203)92.9 (39)74.5 (164)0.0080.043Central stimulants48.7 (127)59.5 (25)46.6 (102)0.1330.257Cocaine40.6 (106)73.8 (31)34.2 (75) < 0.001** < 0.001Hallucinogens33.7 (88)47.6 (20)31.1 (68)0.0490.147Anabolic steroids14.9 (39)31.0 (13)11.9 (26)0.0030.027Inhalants20.0 (52)14.3 (6)21.1 (46)0.4010.471GHB19.0 (50)28.6 (12)17.2 (38)0.0900.221Heroin34.0 (89)40.5 (17)32.7 (72)0.3750.460Opioid analgesics41.4 (109)52.4 (22)39.4 (87)0.1270.257Methadone, buprenorphine13.7 (36)7.10 (3)14.9 (33)0.2260.316Psychotic disorders7.6 (20)7.10 (3)7.7 (17)1.001.00Affective disorders54.0 (142)64.3 (27)52.0 (115)0.1770.267Anxiety disorders51.5 (135)61.9 (26)49.5 (109)0.1780.267Eating disorders1.10 (3)4.80 (2)0.50 (1)0.0670.181Antisocial personality disorder63.9 (168)83.3 (35)60.2 (133)0.0050.034Associations that remained significant after BH-adjustment are presented in bold text*Fisher’s exact test used for all categorical variablesBenjamini–Hochberg adjusted p-values using all 27 p-values displayed in Tables 2 and 3Table 4. Logistic regression on occurrence of gambling disorderOR (95% CI)AOR (95% CI)p-valueNot graduated elementary and middle school graduation in expected time2.98 (1.50–5.91)2.89 (1.37–6.10)0.005Cannabis abuse4.44 (1.32–14.93)1.46 (0.35–6.09)0.601Cocaine abuse5.41 (2.58–11.37)3.93 (1.67–9.27)0.002Anabolic steroids abuse3.33 (1.54–7.20)1.54 (0.65–3.63)0.329Antisocial personality disorder3.31 (1.41–7.78)1.83 (0.71–4.75)0.215The model had a Nagelkerke R Square of 0.217, χ^2^ = 35.5, with p < 0.001Associations that remained significant in the multivariable regression model are presented in bold text**p-values from adjusted logistic regression analysisTable 5Types of crimes by occurrence of gambling disorderTotal sample, % (n)Gambling disorder group, % (n)Non gambling disorder group, % (n)p-valueBH-adjusted p-value**Violent offenses100 (263)100 (42)100 (221)N/ASexual offenses11.8 (31)11.9 (5)11.8 (26)1.001.00Drug-related offenses73.9 (193)88.1 (37)71.2 (156)0.0220.055Property offenses87.8 (231)90.5 (38)87.3 (193)0.7970.996Traffic violations64.9 (170)81.0 (34)68.1 (136)0.0210.055Fraud26.0 (68)31.0 (13)25.0 (55)0.4440.740Fisher’s exact test used for all categorical variables**Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p-values using the five p-values displayed in this table