# Maintaining animal-source food production in conflict zones: lessons from Ukraine

## TL;DR

This study explores how Ukrainian farmers and veterinarians managed animal food production during wartime, highlighting the need for preparedness and adaptive strategies.

## Contribution

The paper provides new insights into crisis adaptation in animal-source food systems through interviews with stakeholders in conflict-affected regions.

## Key findings

- Farmers in occupied areas faced severe disruptions like feed shortages and power cuts.
- Adaptation strategies included diversification and increased self-sufficiency, though outcomes varied.
- Preparedness, skilled personnel, and contingency planning were identified as key to resilience.

## Abstract

The deteriorating security situation in Europe’s immediate neighbourhood has underscored the importance of safeguarding food systems during conflict. Animal-sourced foods are essential for human nutrition and play a critical role in maintaining national resilience, yet their production becomes highly vulnerable in wartime. This study explores the resilience of Ukrainian animal-sourced food systems following the 2022 Russian invasion, focusing on the perspectives of farmers and veterinarians.

Through 18 in-depth interviews with farmers and veterinarians across occupied and non-occupied regions, the study examines perceived challenges, adaptive strategies, and preparedness levels. Respondents reported severe disruptions, especially in occupied areas, including breakdowns in feed supply chains, delivery of medicines and other essential logistics, prolonged power cuts, reduced livestock production, livestock losses, and staff shortages. Adaptation strategies ranged from diversification to increased self-sufficiency, though outcomes varied widely. The absence of crisis preparedness plans led to improvised responses in the early stages of the conflict. Interviewees highlighted key factors for strengthening livestock and food system resilience during crises, emphasizing human resources, technical preparedness, and contingency planning.

The findings of this study highlight the importance of preparatory planning, resource reserves, skilled personnel, and support networks. The experiences of Ukrainian farmers and veterinarians provide important insights into how agricultural systems can become more adaptive and responsive during future crises, emphasizing the need for flexibility, preparedness, and community collaboration. However, further research encompassing a wider geographic scope and a broader range of stakeholders is needed to validate these findings.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13028-025-00850-5.