Translation‐Promoting Effects of RNA Template Overhangs in the Absence of Ribosomes
Nikolaos Giannakopoulos, Martin Rentschler, Clemens Richert
TL;DR
This paper shows how RNA overhangs can control and enhance ribosome-free translation of peptides.
Contribution
The study introduces triplex-forming RNA overhangs that regulate and boost ribosome-free translation efficiency.
Findings
Triplex-forming RNA overhangs increase ribosome-free translation yields up to 40-fold.
Mixed anhydrides between amino acid residues and phosphates improve peptide coupling efficiency.
pH-dependent triplex folding enables inducible translation without biomacromolecules.
Abstract
Translation requires a complex set of biomacromolecules. How it evolved is an unsolved problem. Ribosome‐free, single‐nucleotide translation via coupling of 3′‐aminoacylated RNA to 5′‐phosphoramidate‐linked RNAs was shown for very short peptides. It was unclear how this process could be induced at a specific locus, regulated, and expanded. Here we show that a triplex‐forming template overhang accelerates ribosome‐free translation and increases its yield. An NMR‐monitored model study suggested that mixed anhydrides between carboxylates of amino acid residues and phosphates can contribute to efficient peptide coupling, strengthening proximity effects. Folding into triplexes at pH 6 enhances the template effect, and unfolding at pH 8 suppresses it, suggesting a simple way of achieving “inducible translation” in a system devoid of biomacromolecules. Under mild acidic conditions, doubly…
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Taxonomy
TopicsRNA and protein synthesis mechanisms · DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry · RNA Interference and Gene Delivery