Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections in critically ill patients with previous CRAB colonization: a multicentre cohort study

TL;DR

This study identifies key risk factors for CRAB infection in ICU patients who are already colonized with the bacteria, helping clinicians better manage these high-risk patients.

Contribution

The study provides new insights into specific risk factors for CRAB infection in critically ill patients with prior colonization.

Findings

Multisite colonization, male gender, and early ICU colonization are strong predictors of CRAB infection.

Patients with a higher Charlson comorbidity index and those on mechanical ventilation are at greater risk.

Burn patients and those with COVID-19 show significantly increased risk of CRAB infection.

Abstract

Among MDR bacteria, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a major concern due to the limited therapeutic options.

To identify predictors to aid in the clinical management of critically ill patients.

We conducted a multicentre prospective study in Italy, enrolling patients with CRAB colonization who were admitted to ICUs between 2020 and 2023. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for CRAB infection. To account for competing risks, we used the cumulative incidence function (CIF) and Fine–Gray regression analysis, providing an accurate assessment of the risk of CRAB infection. Additionally, a logistic regression model was performed to estimate the impact of different types of critically ill patients on the risk of infection.

We included 564 colonized patients, and 381 (67.5%) developed a CRAB infection in the ICU. In the logistic regression model, multisite colonization (OR 2.78; 95% CI: 1.90–4.08; P < 0.001), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≥3 (OR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.00–2.50; P = 0.047), mechanical ventilation (OR 1.48; 95% CI: 1.00–2.18; P = 0.048), male gender (OR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.38–3.10; P < 0.001), and time from ICU admission to colonization ≤12 days (OR 2.00; 95% CI: 1.36–2.94; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of CRAB infection. Findings were confirmed in the Fine–Gray model. In a secondary model, COVID-19 (OR 2.31; 95% CI: 1.30–4.10; P = 0.004) and burn patients (OR 4.84; 95% CI: 1.65–14.17; P = 0.004) were risk factors for CRAB infection.

Early colonization from ICU admission, multisite colonization, CCI, mechanical ventilation and male gender are key risk factors for CRAB infection. These factors support clinicians in the management of critically ill patients with prior CRAB colonization.

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