# Exploring the Fecal Microbiome Dysbiosis and Its Plasma Metabolome Determinants in Advanced Parkinson's Disease With Motor Complications

## TL;DR

This study explores gut microbiome and blood metabolite changes in Parkinson's disease patients with motor complications, identifying potential biomarkers and their connections.

## Contribution

The study identifies novel microbial and metabolic biomarkers linked to Parkinson's disease with motor complications and their correlations.

## Key findings

- PD-MC patients show distinct gut microbial signatures, including increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and decreased Agathobacter.
- Plasma metabolites like 3-deoxysappanchalcone and N-Acetylisoleucine differ significantly in PD-MC patients.
- Spearman correlation analysis links gut microbiota changes to plasma metabolic alterations in PD-MC.

## Abstract

Parkinson's disease with motor complications (PD‐MC) lacks effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The perturbations of the gut microbiota and plasma metabolites are closely associated with the etiopathogenesis of PD. However, whether fecal microbiome dysbiosis and changed plasma metabolites are involved in PD progression, particularly in the development of PD‐MC, is still unclear.

In this study, we performed an extensive multiomics analysis involving 108 PD patients for 16S rRNA gut microbiome profiling and 246 PD patients for plasma nontargeted metabolomics. Our findings revealed distinct gut microbiota and plasma metabolites associated with PD‐MC. Utilizing these discriminative features, we developed a multivariate diagnostic model for PD‐MC. The relationships between differential metabolites and microorganisms were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Functional interpretation of the key metabolites was conducted through enrichment and pathway analysis, employing the KEGG and SMPDB databases.

PD‐MC patients had distinct gut microbial signatures as compared with PD without motor complications (PD‐NMC) individuals and were increased in fecal Lactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Ligilactobacillus genera along with depleted Agathobacter. Moreover, metabolomic analysis revealed the differences in plasma 3‐deoxysappanchalcone (3‐DSC), 1,3‐Dimethyluracil (1,3‐DTl), Leucine, and N‐Acetylisoleucine (N‐AIL), Dodec‐6‐enoic acid (D‐6‐E), N‐butyl Oleate (N‐BO), and 4‐hydroxyundecanoic acid (4‐HUA) in PD‐MC compared to PD‐NMC. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the fecal microbiota aberrations in PD‐MC patients were linked to plasma metabolic changes, indicating the association between key microbial populations and metabolomic profiles in PD‐MC.

This study underscores the value of employing integrated multiomics profiling of the fecal microbiome and plasma metabolome to enhance the mechanistic understanding of PD‐MC and to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers.

Our multiomics analysis across three PD cohorts revealed distinct fecal microbiome and plasma metabolome alterations in patients with motor complications (PD‐MC). We identified specific microbial and metabolic biomarkers and uncovered significant correlations between them, providing new insights into PD‐MC pathophysiology.