Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Facial Dermatoses

TL;DR

This study examines the patterns of facial skin conditions in a hospital setting, finding they are most common in young adults and women.

Contribution

The study provides a detailed clinico-epidemiological profile of facial dermatoses in a tertiary care setting.

Findings

Pigmentary disorders, especially melasma, were the most common facial dermatoses.

Facial dermatoses were more prevalent in females and young adults aged 21-30 years.

Infectious conditions like tinea faciei and acne vulgaris were also frequently observed.

Abstract

Background: Facial dermatoses constitute a diverse group of skin conditions that can significantly impact patients' quality of life due to the cosmetic and psychological implications. Understanding the clinico-epidemiological patterns of these conditions aids in timely diagnosis and effective management.

Objective: This study aims to determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients presenting with facial dermatoses in a tertiary care dermatology outpatient setting.

Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology of a tertiary care hospital over 18 months (April 2023 to September 2024). Four hundred patients (n=400) of all ages and both sexes presenting with facial dermatoses were enrolled consecutively. A structured pro forma was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Relevant investigations, such as potassium hydroxide mount, Wood's lamp examination, and skin biopsy, were performed as indicated. Data were analyzed using Epi Info v3.4.5 and 7.1.5 (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA).

Results: Out of 400 patients, 242 (60.5%) were females and 158 (39.5%) were males. The most affected age group was 21-30 years, comprising 114 (28.5%) patients. Pigmentary disorders were the most common category, observed in 123 (30.8%) patients, with melasma being the leading condition, affecting 82 (20.5%) patients. Infectious dermatoses were seen in 95 (23.8%) cases, with tinea faciei being the most frequent, affecting 42 (10.5%) patients. Acne vulgaris was present in 65 (16.3%) patients, and eczema in 48 (12%) patients. A significant association was found between pigmentary dermatoses and female gender (p<0.05). Seasonal variation and history of prior treatment were noted in a considerable number of patients, accounting for 176 (44%) and 139 (34.8%) cases, respectively.

Conclusions: Facial dermatoses are more prevalent in young adults and females, with pigmentary disorders, infections, and acne being the most frequent presentations. The findings underscore the importance of public awareness, early intervention, and further research to investigate risk factors and develop effective preventive strategies.

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