# Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in tissue regeneration: Its role and therapeutic strategies

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how PGE2 promotes tissue regeneration and discusses strategies to improve its therapeutic use while reducing risks.

## Contribution

The paper provides an updated overview of PGE2's regenerative roles and innovative therapeutic strategies to enhance its efficacy.

## Key findings

- PGE₂ promotes tissue regeneration through multiple mechanisms including stem cell proliferation and ECM remodeling.
- Clinical use of PGE₂ is limited by its short half-life and potential oncogenic risks.
- Strategies to improve PGE₂ therapy include targeting specific EP receptors and overcoming degradation by 15-PGDH.

## Abstract

Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), which is traditionally recognized as a pro-inflammatory mediator target, is now recognized for its role in tissue regeneration. PGE₂ drives stem cell proliferation, M2 macrophage polarization, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling via E-type prostanoid (EP) receptor signaling, promoting repair in the skin, muscle, bone, heart, liver, kidney, and intestine. Despite these promising effects, the clinical translation of PGE₂ has been hindered by challenges such as a short half-life due to rapid degradation by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), limited EP receptor subtype specificity, or oncogenic risks in certain contexts. This review explores the regenerative mechanisms of PGE₂, its tissue-specific roles, and innovative strategies to optimize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects in regenerative medicine.

See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).