# Structure-guided design of picomolar-level macrocyclic TRPC5 channel inhibitors with antidepressant activity

## TL;DR

Scientists designed a powerful and selective inhibitor for the TRPC5 ion channel, which could lead to new treatments for depression and anxiety.

## Contribution

The study introduces a macrocyclic TRPC5 inhibitor with picomolar potency and high selectivity, achieved through structure-guided design.

## Key findings

- JDIC-127 inhibits TRPC5 with an IC50 of 374 pmol/L, 200 times more potent than HC-070.
- The compound shows high selectivity by interacting with unique structural features of TRPC5.
- Macrocyclization improves ligand conformational stability and selectivity in lipid-dominated binding sites.

## Abstract

Recent advances in ion channel structural biology have enhanced structure-based drug design, yet lipid-occupied binding pockets—often large and flat—remain a major hurdle for developing selective small molecules. TRPC5, a brain-enriched channel regulating depression and anxiety, is a promising therapeutic target, but current preclinical candidates suffer from moderate off-target effects. To address this, we designed macrocyclic TRPC5 inhibitors using structure-guided macrocyclization, overcoming lipid-binding site challenges. Among these, JDIC-127 exhibited unprecedented potency with IC50 of 374 pmol/L—200-fold more potent than HC-070—and exceptional selectivity. Its specificity arises from interactions with unique structural features near the S5 and S6 helices of TRPC5, minimizing activity against related TRPC channels and other ion channels. This selective inhibition aligns with preclinical evidence supporting JDIC-127's potential in treating neuropsychiatric disorders. The study demonstrates how macrocycles stabilize ligand conformations, enhance affinity, and achieve selectivity in lipid-dominated binding sites. It also highlights the synergy between macrocyclic design, cryo-EM, and computational modeling to address longstanding obstacles in ion channel drug discovery. JDIC-127 serves as a proof-of-concept for the application of macrocyclization in ion channel pharmacology, offering a roadmap for developing innovative therapeutics targeting TRP channels and beyond, with implications for a wide range of diseases.

The macrocyclic compound JDIC-127 has demonstrated exceptional potency towards TRPC5, with an IC50 of 374 pmol/L, which is 200-fold more potent than HC-070, and exhibits significant selectivity against other TRP channels.Image 1