Recent advances in organic agriculture: innovations, challenges, and opportunities
Shweta Meshram, Haryati B. Mansor, Tika B. Adhikari

TL;DR
This paper reviews global progress in organic farming, comparing policies and practices in India, Europe, Malaysia, and the U.S., and highlights opportunities for improving sustainability and efficiency.
Contribution
The paper provides a comparative analysis of organic agriculture systems across four regions, emphasizing policy, certification, and technological interactions.
Findings
Policy-based models like the EU’s Green Deal have accelerated organic farming adoption.
U.S. organic systems show higher profitability despite lower yields due to market incentives.
AI and precision technologies can improve efficiency in organic pest and nutrient management.
Abstract
Organic agriculture has become a more sustainable option compared to conventional agriculture, emphasizing biodiversity, healthy soils, and restrained pesticide applications. The purpose of this review is to integrate advances in cross-regional organic agriculture, with a special focus on how policy contexts, certification schemes, and technological advancements interact to influence adoption and sustainability levels. It highlights the developments, challenges, and sustainable outcomes of organic agriculture systems in four major regions of the world, including India, Europe, Malaysia, and the United States. Comparative analysis indicates that policy-based models, such as the EU’s Green Deal, which aims to have 25% of agricultural land under organic farming by 2030, have accelerated the adoption of organic agriculture. In contrast, U.S. systems, although yielding 10–18% less, have…
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Taxonomy
TopicsOrganic Food and Agriculture · Agricultural Systems and Practices · Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
