Immune and epithelial responses to textile dyes: the role of chemical structure in toxicity
Lizette M. Cortes
TL;DR
This study examines how different textile dyes affect immune and epithelial cells, finding that dye toxicity and inflammation depend on their chemical structure.
Contribution
The study links specific chemical structures of dyes to their immunotoxic and epithelial effects, offering new insights into dye-induced toxicity mechanisms.
Findings
Disperse Blue 124 increased pro-inflammatory cytokines without cytotoxicity, indicating high sensitization potential.
Disperse Blue 1 caused high cytotoxicity despite moderate cytokine production, suggesting direct cell damage.
Nanostring analysis showed epithelial inflammation and barrier disruption with Blue 1 and 124, but not with Blue 79.1 and 183.
Abstract
Continuous exposure to textile dyes can result in potential health risks, such as inflammatory and allergic responses. We investigated immunotoxicity, and epithelial responses induced by Disperse Blue 1, 124, 79.1, and 183 when in co-culture with swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC), and human epidermal skin scaffolds. PBMC cytokine production (IFN-γ and TNF-α), cell viability, IPEC gene expression profiles (by Nanostring analysis) and histopathology of human epidermis were evaluated. Disperse Blue 124 strongly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines without significant cytotoxicity, suggesting high sensitization potential. Contrarily, Disperse Blue 1 exhibited high cytotoxicity despite moderate cytokine production. Nanostring analysis revealed prominent epithelial inflammation (CCL20 upregulation) and compromised barrier integrity…
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
Click any figure to enlarge with its caption.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9Peer Reviews
No public reviews on file for this paper yet. If you reviewed it on a platform where reviews are public (OpenReview, ICLR, NeurIPS, ICML), you can paste yours below so the community can read it here.
Videos
No videos yet. Explain this paper in a talk, walkthrough, or lecture? Add one.
Taxonomy
TopicsDyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers · Enzyme-mediated dye degradation · Dye analysis and toxicity