# Effect of end-effector robot training on lower limb motor function and balance in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

## TL;DR

End-effector robot training may improve lower limb motor function and balance in stroke patients compared to conventional therapy, though effects on walking distance remain unclear.

## Contribution

A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating end-effector robot training's impact on stroke patients' motor and balance outcomes.

## Key findings

- End-effector robot training significantly improved lower limb motor function and balance in stroke patients.
- No significant difference was found in 6MWT distance between end-effector robot training and conventional therapy groups.
- Further research is needed to clarify long-term effects and mechanisms of end-effector robot training.

## Abstract

Evaluate the effect of end-effector robot training on lower limb motor function and balance in stroke patients.

Systematically reviewed the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to December 2025. Included studies compared end-effector robot training with conventional therapy for lower limb function and balance in stroke patients. Used PEDro scale and RevMan 5.4 software for meta-analysis.

Sixteen RCTs with 789 patients showed significant improvements in lower limb motor function (FAC score, FMA-L score, 10MWT speed) and balance function (BBS score) with end-effector robot training. No significant difference in 6MWT distance between groups.

End-effector robot training may enhance lower limb motor function and balance in stroke patients, but its effect on 6MWT distance is uncertain. Further research needed on training effectiveness and long-term mechanisms.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251009019, CRD420251009019.